Bolt Action
A rifle action operated by a manually cycled bolt — lift, pull, push, lock. The dominant action type in precision shooting because it's the most consistent and easiest to bed.
A bolt action has fewer moving parts during the firing sequence than any other repeating action, which is why it dominates precision. Lock time (the delay between trigger release and primer ignition) is short, lockup is positive, and there’s no gas system to deal with.
The two big families are push-feed (round picked up by the bolt face) and controlled-round-feed (round held by the extractor from the magazine). Both work for precision; choice is mostly habit.